The southern Zaporizhzhia and Odesa regions and the western region of Lviv were also hit, officials said.
Zelensky urged Ukraine’s Western partners not to “turn a blind eye” to what was happening and to provide Kyiv with more air defense systems.
His call came as he traveled to Lithuania — one of Kyiv’s staunchest allies against Russia.
Ukraine has been suffering from a lack of men and ammunition in recent months and has been weakened by the blocking in the U.S. Congress of key U.S. military aid.
Russia, meanwhile, has been emboldened by some limited success on the front and the wavering of some Western support for Ukraine.
‘Close your windows’
Ukraine’s Interior Minister Ihor Klymenko said hundreds of rescuers were deployed at sites across the country after the “massive” attack.
“For several hours, the Russian military attacked five regions of Ukraine,” he said.
Klymenko said Moscow fired “more than 10 missiles” at Kharkiv, leaving parts of the city without electricity.
“Fortunately, according to operational data, today’s attack resulted in no deaths or injuries,” he said.
In the Kyiv region, the mayor of Ukrainka, a city south of the capital, advised locals to shut their windows while firefighters sought to extinguish a blaze at a local power station.
“I ask everyone to close the windows in their homes tightly so as not to breathe in harmful combustion products,” Mayor Oleksandr Turenko said.
“Charge all devices, make maximum water reserves,” he said.
Kyiv region authorities did not name the site but described it as “critical infrastructure [that] was attacked during the air alert.”
“All emergency services are on the site. The fire is being extinguished,” they said, adding that nobody had been reported injured or dead.
Kharkiv hit again
The head of the Kharkiv region, Oleh Syniehubov, said Russia fired a S-300 missile at an energy site in the city just after 5:00 a.m.
“As a result of the shelling, an apartment was also damaged,” he said.
Synegubov said 15 other settlements in the Kharkiv regions were also hit by artillery and mortar attacks.
Kharkiv — Ukraine’s second most populous city, located near the Russian border — has seen near-daily attacks in recent days.
Its mayor, Ihor Terekhov, warned of possible problems with energy supplies.
In Ukraine’s westernmost region of Lviv, which borders the European Union, authorities said Russia attacked a gas distribution facility and an electricity substation.
Lviv region head Maksym Kozytsky said Moscow attacked the facilities with “cruise missiles of various classes and drones.”
“Fires started. They were quickly extinguished by firefighters,” he said on social media.
Russia, meanwhile, said it had destroyed 12 Ukrainian drones overnight, including three as far east as its Mordovia republic.
Others were destroyed over the Kursk, Tambov, Belgorod, Bryansk and Lipetsk regions, it said.
Ukraine has been attacking Russia with drones for months.